解析Syslog标准格式数据

目前业界存在常见两种Syslog日志协议，一个是2009年的RFC5424协议，另外一个是2001年的RFC3164协议。以下介绍这两种协议的不同之处，以便在后续实践中能够灵活应用GROK解析Syslog日志。

• RFC5424协议

  RFC5424协议包含以下字段信息，具体信息请参见官方协议。

  PRI VERSION SP TIMESTAMP SP HOSTNAME SP APP-NAME SP PROCID SP MSGID

  通过以下示例来对以上字段进行说明：

  """
  Example1:
  <34>1 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z aliyun.example.com ali - ID47 - BOM'su user' failed for lonvick on /dev/pts/8
  """
  PRI -- 34
  VERSION -- 1
  TIMESTAMP -- 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z
  HOSTNAME -- aliyun.example.com
  APP-NAME -- ali
  PROCID -- 无
  MSGID -- ID47
  MESSAGE -- 'su user' failed for lonvick on /dev/pts/8
  """
  Example2:
  <165>1 2019-07-11T22:14:15.000003-07:00 192.0.2.1 myproc 8710 - - %% It's time to make the do-nuts.
  """
  PRI -- 165
  VERSION -- 1
  TIMESTAMP -- 2019-07-11T05:14:15.000003-07:00
  HOSTNAME -- 192.0.2.1
  APP-NAME -- myproc
  PROCID -- 8710
  STRUCTURED-DATA -- “-”
  MSGID -- “-”
  MESSAGE -- "%% It's time to make the do-nuts."
  """
  Example3: - with STRUCTURED-DATA
  <165>1 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z aliyun.example.com
             evntslog - ID47 [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource=
             "Application" eventID="1011"] BOMAn application
             event log entry...
  """
  PRI -- 165
  VERSION -- 1
  TIMESTAMP -- 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z
  HOSTNAME -- aliyun.example.com
  APP-NAME -- evntslog
  PROCID -- "-"
  MSGID -- ID47
  STRUCTURED-DATA -- [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource="Application" eventID="1011"]
  MESSAGE -- An application event log entry...

• RFC3164协议

  RFC3164协议包含以下字段信息，具体信息请参见官方协议。

  PRI HEADER[TIME HOSTNAME] MSG

  通过以下示例来对以上字段进行说明：

  """
  <30>Oct 9 22:33:20 hlfedora auditd[1787]: The audit daemon is exiting.
  """
  PRI -- 30
  HEADER
  - TIME -- Oct 9 22:33:20
  - HOSTNAME -- hlfedora
  MSG
  - TAG -- auditd[1787]
  - Content --The audit daemon is exiting.

使用GROK对几种常用格式的Syslog进行解析。具体的GROK规则请参见GROK模式参考。

• 解析TraditionalFormat格式

  • 原始日志

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: May  5 10:20:57 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ systemd: Started System Logging Service.

  • SLS DSL规则

    e_regex('content', grok('%{SYSLOGBASE} %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))

  • 加工结果

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: May  5 10:20:57 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ systemd: Started System Logging Service.
      timestamp: May  5 10:20:57
      logsource: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
      program: systemd
      message: Started System Logging Service.

• 解析FileFormat格式

  • 原始日志

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: 2019-05-06T09:26:07.874593+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: 834753

  • SLS DSL规则

    e_regex('content',grok('%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{SYSLOGPROG} %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))

  • 加工结果

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: 2019-05-06T09:26:07.874593+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: 834753
      timestamp: 2019-05-06T09:26:07.874593+08:00
      hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
      program: user
      message: 834753

• 解析RSYSLOG_SyslogProtocol23Format格式

  • 原始日志

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: <13>1 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user - - - twish

  • SLS DSL规则

    e_regex('content',grok('%{POSINT:priority}>%{NUMBER:version} %{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{PROG:program} - - - %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))

  • 加工结果

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: <13>1 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user - - - twish
      priority: 13
      version: 1
      timestamp: 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00
      hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
      program: user
      message: twish

• 解析RSYSLOG_DebugFormat格式

  • 日志内容

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: 2019-05-06T14:29:37.558854+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: environment

  • SLS SL规则

    e_regex('content',grok('%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{SYSLOGPROG} %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))

  • 加工结果

      receive_time: 1558663265
      __topic__:
      content: 2019-05-06T14:29:37.558854+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: environment
      timestamp: 2019-05-06T14:29:37.558854+08:00 
      hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
      program: user
      message: environment