使用SPL的正则表达式解析Nginx日志

日志服务支持通过SPL的正则表达式解析Nginx日志。现以一条Nginx成功访问日志为例，介绍如何使用正则表达式解析Nginx成功访问日志。

• 原始日志

  __source__:  192.168.0.1
  __tag__:__client_ip__:  192.168.254.254
  __tag__:__receive_time__:  1563443076
  content: 192.168.0.2 - - [04/Jan/2019:16:06:38 +0800] "GET http://example.aliyundoc.com/_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0 HTTP/1.1" 200 273932 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.example.com/bot.html)"

• 解析需求

  • 需求1：从Nginx日志中提取出code、ip、datetime、protocol、request、sendbytes、referer、useragent、verb信息。

  • 需求2：对request进行再提取，提取出uri_proto、uri_domain、uri_param信息。

  • 需求3：对解析出来的uri_param进行再提取，提取出uri_path、uri_query信息。

• SLS SPL编排

  • 总编排

    """第一步：初步解析Nginx日志"""
    * | parse-regexp content, '(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+) - - \[([\s\S]+)\] \"([A-Z]+) ([\S]*) ([\S]+)["] (\d+) (\d+) ["]([\S]*)["] ["]([\S\s]+)["]' as ip, datetime,verb,request,protocol,code,sendbytes,refere,useragent
    
    """第二步：解析第一步得到的request"""
    * | parse-regexp request, '(\w+):\/\/([a-z0-9.]*[^\/])((.+)$)' as uri_proto, uri_domain, uri_param
    
    """第三步：解析第二步得到的uri_param参数"""
    * | parse-regexp uri_param, '([^?]*)\?(.*)' as uri_path, uri_query

  • 细分编排及对应加工结果

    • 针对需求1解析Nginx日志的加工编排如下。

      * | parse-regexp content, '(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+) - - \[([\s\S]+)\] \"([A-Z]+) ([\S]*) ([\S]+)["] (\d+) (\d+) ["]([\S]*)["] ["]([\S\s]+)["]' as ip, datetime,verb,request,protocol,code,sendbytes,refere,useragent

      对应结果：

      __source__:  192.168.0.1
      __tag__:  __receive_time__:  1563443076
      code:  200
      content:  192.168.0.2 - - [04/Jan/2019:16:06:38 +0800] "GET http://example.aliyundoc.com/_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0 HTTP/1.1" 200 273932 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.example.com/bot.html)"httpversion:  1.1
      datetime:  04/Jan/2019:16:06:38 +0800
      ip:  192.168.0.2
      protocol:  HTTP/1.1
      refere:  -
      request:  http://example.aliyundoc.com/_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0
      sendbytes:  273932
      useragent:  Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.example.com/bot.html)
      verb:  GET

  • 针对需求2解析request，SPL编排如下。

    * | parse-regexp request, '(\w+):\/\/([a-z0-9.]*[^\/])((.+)$)' as uri_proto, uri_domain, uri_param

    对应结果：

    uri_param: /_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0
    uri_domain: example.aliyundoc.com
    proto: httpuri_domain: example.aliyundoc.com

  • 针对需求3解析uri_param，SPL编排如下。

    * | parse-regexp uri_param, '([^?]*)\?(.*)' as uri_path, uri_query

    对应结果：

    uri_path: /_astats
    uri_query: application=&inf.name=eth0

• SPL最终处理结果

  __source__:  192.168.0.1
  __tag__:  __receive_time__:  1563443076
  code:  200
  content:  192.168.0.2 - - [04/Jan/2019:16:06:38 +0800] "GET http://example.aliyundoc.com/_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0 HTTP/1.1" 200 273932 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.example.com/bot.html)"httpversion:  1.1
  datetime:  04/Jan/2019:16:06:38 +0800
  ip:  192.168.0.2
  protocol:  HTTP/1.1
  refere:  -
  request:  http://example.aliyundoc.com/_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0
  sendbytes:  273932
  uri_domain:  example.aliyundoc.com
  uri_proto:  http
  uri_param: /_astats?application=&inf.name=eth0
  uri_path: /_astats
  uri_query: application=&inf.name=eth0
  useragent:  Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.example.com/bot.html)
  verb:  GET