通过OpenTelemetry接入Python Trace数据

本文介绍通过OpenTelemetry Python SDK将Python应用的Trace数据接入到日志服务的操作步骤。

前提条件

已创建Trace实例。更多信息，请参见创建Trace实例。
已安装Python 3.7及以上版本。

已在Python上安装OpenTelemetry Python SDK。

如果未安装，可使用以下命令进行安装。

pip install opentelemetry-api==1.12.0
pip install opentelemetry-sdk==1.12.0
pip install opentelemetry-exporter-otlp==1.12.0

接入流程

初始化OpenTelemetry Provider。
判断是否符合半自动接入条件。
- 如果符合，则您可以使用半自动方式接入Trace数据。
  当半自动方式无法覆盖您的所有场景时，余下场景您需要使用手动方式接入Trace数据。
- 如果不符合，则您可以使用手动方式接入Trace数据。

步骤1：初始化OpenTelemetry Provider

您可以通过如下代码完成OpenTelemetry Provider的初始化。其中，代码中的变量需根据实际情况替换。关于变量的详细说明，请参见变量说明。

# For Opentelemetry
import socket
from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import ConsoleSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import SimpleSpanProcessor


class OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(object):

    def __init__(self, namespace="", service="", version="", endpoint='stdout',
                 project=None, instance=None, access_key_id=None, access_key_secret=None):
        '''
        :param namespace: Your service namespace
        :param service: Your Application Service Name
        :param version: Your Application Version
        :param endpoint: console or https://sls_endpoint:10010
        :param project: SLS project
        :param instance: SLS OTEL InstanceId
        :param access_key_id: Aliyun AccesskeyId
        :param access_key_secret:  Aliyun AccesskeySecret
        '''
        self.sls_otel_endpoint = endpoint
        self.sls_otel_project = project
        self.sls_otel_akid = access_key_id
        self.sls_otel_aksecret = access_key_secret
        self.sls_otel_instanceid = instance
        self.local_mode = False
        if endpoint == "stdout":
            self.local_mode = True
            self.resource = Resource(attributes={
                "host.name": socket.gethostname(),
                "service.name": service,
                "service.namespace": namespace,
                "service.version": version})
        else:
            self.resource = Resource(attributes={
                "host.name": socket.gethostname(),
                "service.namespace": namespace,
                "service.name": service,
                "service.version": version,
                "sls.otel.project": self.sls_otel_project,
                "sls.otel.akid": self.sls_otel_akid,
                "sls.otel.aksecret": self.sls_otel_aksecret,
                "sls.otel.instanceid": self.sls_otel_instanceid
            })

    def initTracer(self):
        trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider(resource=self.resource))
        if self.local_mode:
            trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(ConsoleSpanExporter()))
        else:
            otlp_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint=self.sls_otel_endpoint)
            trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(BatchSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter))

# debug mode
#sls_ot_provider = OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(service="example", version="v0.1.0")

# write to sls
sls_ot_provider = OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(namespace="${service.namespace}", service="${service}", version="${version}",
                                         endpoint='${endpoint}',
                                         project="${project}",
                                         instance="${instance}",
                                         access_key_id="${access-key-id}",
                                         access_key_secret="${access-key-secret}"
                                         )

表 1. 变量说明

变量	说明	示例
${service.namespace}	服务归属的命名空间。	order
${service}	服务名。根据您的实际场景取值即可。	payment
${version}	服务版本号。建议按照va.b.c格式定义。	v0.1.2
${endpoint}	日志服务Project的接入地址，格式为https://${project}.${region-endpoint}:Port，其中： ${project}：日志服务Project名称。 ${region-endpoint}：日志服务Project所在地域的访问域名，支持公网和阿里云内网（经典网络、VPC）。更多信息，请参见服务入口。 Port：网络端口，固定为10010。说明如果配置为stdout，即endpoint='stdout'，表示将数据打印到标准输出。如果配置为空值，表示不上传Trace数据到日志服务。	https://test-project.cn-hangzhou.log.aliyuncs.com:10010
${project}	日志服务Project名称。	test-project
${instance}	Trace服务实例ID。更多信息，请参见创建Trace实例。	test-traces
${access-key-id}	阿里云账号AccessKey ID。建议您使用只具备日志服务Project写入权限的RAM用户的AccessKey（包括AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret）。授予RAM用户向指定Project写入数据权限的具体操作，请参见授权。如何获取AccessKey的具体操作，请参见访问密钥。	无
${access-key-secret}	阿里云账号AccessKey Secret。建议您使用只具备日志服务Project写入权限的RAM用户的AccessKey。	无

步骤2：接入数据

您可以通过半自动或手动方式接入Trace数据到日志服务。OpenTelemetry Python SDK提供多种类型的instrumentation包，支持常用框架的半自动埋点，如果您使用的是指定的instrumentation包，则支持通过半自动方式接入数据。

半自动埋点

此处以flask和requests为例。

安装instrumentation包。

pip install requests
pip install flask
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-flask
pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-requests

运行代码。

如下代码中的变量需根据实际情况替换。更多信息，请参见变量说明。

# for flask
import flask
import requests

# for Opentelemetry instrumentation
import socket
from opentelemetry.instrumentation.flask import FlaskInstrumentor
from opentelemetry.instrumentation.requests import RequestsInstrumentor

# For Opentelemetry pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-requests
from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import (
    OTLPSpanExporter,
)
from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import ConsoleSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import SimpleSpanProcessor


class OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(object):

    def __init__(self, namespace="", service="", version="", endpoint='stdout',
                 project=None, instance=None, access_key_id=None, access_key_secret=None):
        '''
        :param namespace: Your service namespace
        :param service: Your Application Service Name
        :param version: Your Application Version
        :param endpoint: console or https://sls_endpoint:10010
        :param project: SLS project
        :param instance: SLS OTEL InstanceId
        :param access_key_id: Aliyun AccesskeyId
        :param access_key_secret:  Aliyun AccesskeySecret
        '''
        self.sls_otel_endpoint = endpoint
        self.sls_otel_project = project
        self.sls_otel_akid = access_key_id
        self.sls_otel_aksecret = access_key_secret
        self.sls_otel_instanceid = instance
        self.local_mode = False
        if endpoint == "stdout":
            self.local_mode = True
            self.resource = Resource(attributes={
                "host.name": socket.gethostname(),
                "service.name": service,
                "service.namespace": namespace,
                "service.version": version})
        else:
            self.resource = Resource(attributes={
                "host.name": socket.gethostname(),
                "service.name": service,
                "service.version": version,
                "service.namespace": namespace,
                "sls.otel.project": self.sls_otel_project,
                "sls.otel.akid": self.sls_otel_akid,
                "sls.otel.aksecret": self.sls_otel_aksecret,
                "sls.otel.instanceid": self.sls_otel_instanceid
            })

    def initTracer(self):
        trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider(resource=self.resource))
        if self.local_mode:
            trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(
                SimpleSpanProcessor(ConsoleSpanExporter()))
        else:
            otlp_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint=self.sls_otel_endpoint)
            trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(BatchSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter))


# write to sls
sls_ot_provider = OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(namespace="${service.namespace}", service="${service}", version="${version}",
                                           endpoint='${endpoint}',
                                           project="${project}",
                                           instance="${instance}",
                                           access_key_id="${access-key-id}",
                                           access_key_secret="${access-key-secret}"
                                           )
# for console debug
#sls_ot_provider = OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(service="example", version="v0.1.0")

sls_ot_provider.initTracer()

# flask init
app = flask.Flask(__name__)

# instrumentation init
FlaskInstrumentor().instrument_app(app)
RequestsInstrumentor().instrument()


@app.route("/")
def hello():
    tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
    with tracer.start_as_current_span("request_server"):
        requests.get("http://www.taobao.com")
    return "hello"


app.run(debug=True, port=5000)

访问服务，触发Trace数据生成并发送。
```
127.0.0.1:5000/hello
```

手动埋点

运行如下代码，其中代码中的变量需根据实际情况替换。关于代码的详细说明，请参见变量说明。

# ot-manual-example.py
import time

# For Opentelemetry
import socket
from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import ConsoleSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import SimpleSpanProcessor


class OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(object):

    def __init__(self, namespace="", service="", version="", endpoint='stdout',
                 project=None, instance=None, access_key_id=None, access_key_secret=None):
        '''
        :param service: Your service namespace
        :param service: Your Application Service Name
        :param version: Your Application Version
        :param endpoint: console or https://sls_endpoint:10010
        :param project: SLS project
        :param instance: SLS OTEL InstanceId
        :param access_key_id: Aliyun AccesskeyId
        :param access_key_secret:  Aliyun AccesskeySecret
        '''
        self.sls_otel_endpoint = endpoint
        self.sls_otel_project = project
        self.sls_otel_akid = access_key_id
        self.sls_otel_aksecret = access_key_secret
        self.sls_otel_instanceid = instance
        self.local_mode = False
        if endpoint == "stdout":
            self.local_mode = True
            self.resource = Resource(attributes={
                "host.name": socket.gethostname(),
                "service.name": service,
                "service.namespace": namespace,
                "service.version": version})
        else:
            self.resource = Resource(attributes={
                "host.name": socket.gethostname(),
                "service.name": service,
                "service.version": version,
                "service.namespace": namespace,
                "sls.otel.project": self.sls_otel_project,
                "sls.otel.akid": self.sls_otel_akid,
                "sls.otel.aksecret": self.sls_otel_aksecret,
                "sls.otel.instanceid": self.sls_otel_instanceid
            })

    def initTracer(self):
        trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider(resource=self.resource))
        if self.local_mode:
            trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(ConsoleSpanExporter()))
        else:
            otlp_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint=self.sls_otel_endpoint)
            trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(BatchSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter))

# write to sls
sls_ot_provider = OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(namespace="${service.namespace}", service="${service}", version="${version}",
                                           endpoint='${endpoint}',
                                           project="${project}",
                                           instance="${instance}",
                                           access_key_id="${access-key-id}",
                                           access_key_secret="${access-key-secret}"
                                           )

# for console debug
#sls_ot_provider = OpenTelemetrySLSProvider(service="example", version="v0.1.0")

# Trace Example
sls_ot_provider.initTracer()
tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)

with tracer.start_as_current_span("foo"):
    print("Hello world!")


labels = {"environment": "staging"}

time.sleep(60)

常见问题

如何检查是否正确安装OpenTelemetry SDK？

以如下代码为例，将如下代码保存为tracing.py，执行tracing.py命令，如果正常输出则表示Python OpenTelemetry相关的基础依赖安装正确。

# tracing-example-1.py
from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import (
    ConsoleSpanExporter,
    SimpleSpanProcessor,
)

trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider())
trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(
    SimpleSpanProcessor(ConsoleSpanExporter())
)

tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)

with tracer.start_as_current_span("foo"):
    print("Hello world!")

python trace

后续步骤

查看Trace实例详情
查询和分析Trace数据

前提条件

接入流程

步骤1：初始化OpenTelemetry Provider

步骤2：接入数据

常见问题

后续步骤

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通过OpenTelemetry接入Golang Trace数据 2025-04-22 10:45

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通过OpenTelemetry接入Node.js Trace数据 2025-04-22 10:45

通过OpenTelemetry接入C# Trace数据 2025-04-22 10:45

通过OpenTelemetry接入Rust Trace数据 2025-04-22 10:45

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